<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
    "application/xhtml+xml; charset=iso-8859-1" />
    <title>
      6.22.&nbsp;Util-linux-2.22.2
    </title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/lfs.css" type="text/css" />
    <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/lfs-print.css" type=
    "text/css" media="print" />
  </head>
  <body class="lfs" id="lfs-7.3">
    <div class="navheader">
      <h4>
        Linux From Scratch - Version 7.3
      </h4>
      <h3>
        Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Installing Basic System Software
      </h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="prev">
          <a accesskey="p" href="ncurses.html" title="Ncurses-5.9">Prev</a>
          <p>
            Ncurses-5.9
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="next">
          <a accesskey="n" href="psmisc.html" title="Psmisc-22.20">Next</a>
          <p>
            Psmisc-22.20
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="up">
          <a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Installing Basic System Software">Up</a>
        </li>
        <li class="home">
          <a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
          "Linux From Scratch - Version 7.3">Home</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="wrap" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <h1 class="sect1">
        <a id="ch-system-util-linux" name="ch-system-util-linux"></a>6.22.
        Util-linux-2.22.2
      </h1>
      <div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <p>
          The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
          Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
          partitions, and messages.
        </p>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Approximate build time:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">0.7 SBU</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Required disk space:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">83 MB</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          6.22.1. FHS compliance notes
        </h2>
        <p>
          The FHS recommends using the <code class=
          "filename">/var/lib/hwclock</code> directory instead of the usual
          <code class="filename">/etc</code> directory as the location for
          the <code class="filename">adjtime</code> file. To make the
          <span class="command"><strong>hwclock</strong></span> program
          FHS-compliant, run the following:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">sed -i -e 's@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g' \
     $(grep -rl '/etc/adjtime' .)

mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</kbd>
</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          6.22.2. Installation of Util-linux
        </h2>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class=
"command">./configure --disable-su --disable-sulogin --disable-login</kbd>
</pre>
        <div class="variablelist">
          <p class="title">
            <b>The meaning of the configure option:</b>
          </p>
          <dl>
            <dt>
              <span class="term"><em class=
              "parameter"><code>--disable-*</code></em></span>
            </dt>
            <dd>
              <p>
                These switches disable building su, sulogin, and login. They
                duplicate the same programs provided by <a class="xref" href=
                "shadow.html" title=
                "6.26.&nbsp;Shadow-4.1.5.1">Section&nbsp;6.26,
                &ldquo;Shadow-4.1.5.1&rdquo;</a> and <a class="xref" href=
                "sysvinit.html" title=
                "6.58.&nbsp;Sysvinit-2.88dsf">Section&nbsp;6.58,
                &ldquo;Sysvinit-2.88dsf&rdquo;</a>. They also require
                <a class="ulink" href=
                "http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs//view/svn/postlfs/linux-pam.html">
                Linux-PAM</a> which is not available in LFS.
              </p>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>
        <p>
          Compile the package:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          This package does not come with a test suite.
        </p>
        <p>
          Install the package:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make install</kbd>
</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          <a id="contents-utillinux" name="contents-utillinux"></a>6.22.3.
          Contents of Util-linux
        </h2>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed programs:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">addpart, agetty, blkid, blockdev, cal,
              cfdisk, chcpu, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel,
              cytune, delpart, dmesg, eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk,
              findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix,
              fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, i386, ionice,
              ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, ldattach, linux32, linux64,
              logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lslocks, mcookie, mkfs,
              mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount,
              mountpoint, namei, partx, pg, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
              readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rtcwake, script,
              scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swaplabel,
              swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, switch_root, tailf, taskset,
              tunelp, ul, umount, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, wall,
              wdctl, whereis, wipefs, and x86_64</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed libraries:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">libblkid.{a,so}, libmount.{a,so},
              libuuid.{a,so}</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed directories:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">/usr/include/blkid,
              /usr/include/libmount, /usr/include/uuid, /usr/share/getopt,
              /var/lib/hwclock</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="variablelist">
          <h3>
            Short Descriptions
          </h3>
          <table border="0">
            <col align="left" valign="top" />
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="addpart" name="addpart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>addpart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="agetty" name="agetty"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>agetty</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name, and then
                    invokes the <span class=
                    "command"><strong>login</strong></span> program
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="blkid" name="blkid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>blkid</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A command line utility to locate and print block device
                    attributes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="blockdev" name="blockdev"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>blockdev</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
                    line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="cal" name="cal"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>cal</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays a simple calendar
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="cfdisk" name="cfdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>cfdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates the partition table of the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="chcpu" name="chcpu"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>chcpu</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Modifies the state of CPUs
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="chrt" name="chrt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>chrt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates real-time attributes of a process
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="col" name="col"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>col</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters out reverse line feeds
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="colcrt" name="colcrt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>colcrt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters <span class=
                    "command"><strong>nroff</strong></span> output for
                    terminals that lack some capabilities, such as
                    overstriking and half-lines
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="colrm" name="colrm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>colrm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters out the given columns
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="column" name="column"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>column</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Formats a given file into multiple columns
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ctrlaltdel" name="ctrlaltdel"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ctrlaltdel</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to
                    a hard or a soft reset
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="cytune" name="cytune"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>cytune</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tunes the parameters of the serial line drivers for
                    Cyclades cards
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="delpart" name="delpart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>delpart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="dmesg" name="dmesg"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>dmesg</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Dumps the kernel boot messages
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="eject" name="eject"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>eject</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Ejects removable media
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fallocate" name="fallocate"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fallocate</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Preallocates space to a file
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fdformat" name="fdformat"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fdformat</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Low-level formats a floppy disk
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fdisk" name="fdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates the paritition table of the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="findfs" name="findfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>findfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Finds a file system by label or Universally Unique
                    Identifier (UUID)
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="findmnt" name="findmnt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>findmnt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is a command line interface to the libmount library for
                    work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="flock" name="flock"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>flock</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the
                    lock held
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck" name="fsck"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck.cramfs" name="fsck.cramfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck.cramfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on
                    the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck.minix" name="fsck.minix"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck.minix</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on
                    the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsfreeze" name="fsfreeze"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsfreeze</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
                    kernel driver operations
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fstrim" name="fstrim"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fstrim</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="getopt" name="getopt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>getopt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Parses options in the given command line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="hexdump" name="hexdump"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>hexdump</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Dumps the given file in hexadecimal or in another given
                    format
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="hwclock" name="hwclock"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>hwclock</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
                    the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System
                    (BIOS) clock
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="i386" name="i386"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>i386</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ionice" name="ionice"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ionice</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a
                    program
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcmk" name="ipcmk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcmk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates various IPC resources
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcrm" name="ipcrm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcrm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC)
                    resource
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcs" name="ipcs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Provides IPC status information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="isosize" name="isosize"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>isosize</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reports the size of an iso9660 file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="kill" name="kill"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>kill</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sends signals to processes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ldattach" name="ldattach"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ldattach</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Attaches a line discipline to a serial line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="linux32" name="linux32"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>linux32</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="linux64" name="linux64"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>linux64</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="logger" name="logger"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>logger</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Enters the given message into the system log
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="look" name="look"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>look</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays lines that begin with the given string
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="losetup" name="losetup"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>losetup</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets up and controls loop devices
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lsblk" name="lsblk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lsblk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Lists information about all or selected block devices in
                    a tree-like format.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lscpu" name="lscpu"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lscpu</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Prints CPU architecture information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lslocks" name="lslocks"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lslocks</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Lists local system locks
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mcookie" name="mcookie"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mcookie</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal
                    numbers) for <span class=
                    "command"><strong>xauth</strong></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs" name="mkfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
                    partition)
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.bfs" name="mkfs.bfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.bfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.cramfs" name="mkfs.cramfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.cramfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a cramfs file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.minix" name="mkfs.minix"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.minix</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a Minix file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkswap" name="mkswap"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkswap</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
                    area
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="more" name="more"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>more</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A filter for paging through text one screen at a time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mount" name="mount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mount</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Attaches the file system on the given device to a
                    specified directory in the file-system tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mountpoint" name="mountpoint"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mountpoint</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Checks if the directory is a mountpoint
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="namei" name="namei"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>namei</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="partx" name="partx"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>partx</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of
                    on-disk partitions
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="pg" name="pg"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>pg</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays a text file one screen full at a time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="pivot_root" name="pivot_root"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>pivot_root</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Makes the given file system the new root file system of
                    the current process
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="prlimit" name="prlimit"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>prlimit</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Get and set a process' resource limits
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="raw" name="raw"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>raw</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Bind a Linux raw character device to a block device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="readprofile" name="readprofile"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>readprofile</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reads kernel profiling information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rename" name="rename"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>rename</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
                    another
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="renice" name="renice"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>renice</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Alters the priority of running processes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="resizepart" name="resizepart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>resizepart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rev" name="rev"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>rev</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reverses the lines of a given file
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rtcwake" name="rtcwake"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>rtcwake</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Used to enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup
                    time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="script" name="script"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>script</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Makes a typescript of a terminal session
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="scriptreplay" name="scriptreplay"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>scriptreplay</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Plays back typescripts using timing information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setarch" name="setarch"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setarch</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Changes reported architecture in a new program
                    environment and sets personality flags
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setsid" name="setsid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setsid</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Runs the given program in a new session
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setterm" name="setterm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setterm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets terminal attributes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="sfdisk" name="sfdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>sfdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A disk partition table manipulator
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swaplabel" name="swaplabel"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swaplabel</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Allows to change swaparea UUID and label
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swapoff" name="swapoff"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swapoff</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Disables devices and files for paging and swapping
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swapon" name="swapon"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swapon</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Enables devices and files for paging and swapping and
                    lists the devices and files currently in use
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="switch_root" name="switch_root"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>switch_root</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount
                    tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="tailf" name="tailf"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>tailf</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tracks the growth of a log file. Displays the last 10
                    lines of a log file, then continues displaying any new
                    entries in the log file as they are created
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="taskset" name="taskset"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>taskset</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Retrieves or sets a process' CPU affinity
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="tunelp" name="tunelp"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>tunelp</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tunes the parameters of the line printer
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ul" name="ul"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ul</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A filter for translating underscores into escape
                    sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="umount" name="umount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>umount</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="unshare" name="unshare"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>unshare</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="utmpdump" name="utmpdump"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>utmpdump</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays the content of the given login file in a more
                    user-friendly format
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="uuidd" name="uuidd"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>uuidd</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
                    UUIDs in a secure and guranteed-unique fashion.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="uuidgen" name="uuidgen"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>uuidgen</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID can reasonably be
                    considered unique among all UUIDs created, on the local
                    system and on other systems, in the past and in the
                    future
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wall" name="wall"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wall</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its
                    standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged
                    in users
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wdctl" name="wdctl"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wdctl</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows hardware watchdog status
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="whereis" name="whereis"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>whereis</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
                    for the given command
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wipefs" name="wipefs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wipefs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Wipes a filesystem signature from a device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="x86_64" name="x86_64"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>x86_64</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libblkid" name="libblkid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libblkid</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for device identification and token
                    extraction
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libmount" name="libmount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libmount</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for block device mounting and
                    unmounting
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libuuid" name="libuuid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libuuid</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for
                    objects that may be accessible beyond the local system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="navfooter">
      <ul>
        <li class="prev">
          <a accesskey="p" href="ncurses.html" title="Ncurses-5.9">Prev</a>
          <p>
            Ncurses-5.9
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="next">
          <a accesskey="n" href="psmisc.html" title="Psmisc-22.20">Next</a>
          <p>
            Psmisc-22.20
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="up">
          <a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Installing Basic System Software">Up</a>
        </li>
        <li class="home">
          <a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
          "Linux From Scratch - Version 7.3">Home</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
